Essays on Science and Education

• Articles on the Challenges of Space Travel

• How Do Astronauts Survive on the International Space Station?

  This article reviews all the challenges astronauts face with the lack of the amenities we take for granted on Earth. Astronauts living on the ISS help study human survival and endurance in space to learn how to tolerate more extensive voyages planned for the future. Videos included.

• Colonizing Mars and Challenges of Living on Another Planet

  This article reviews the survival of humans on Mars and the plan to colonize the planet. Learn about the issues scientists face to determine if colonizing Mars is possible with our present technology.

• Can Humans Survive a Lengthy Trip Within the Milky Way?

  This trip would require sending humans on a one-way journey. But even considering the enormous length of such a trip, how would it affect the human body? Let's explore this view.

• Shortcuts Through Time: A Theory for Intergalactic Space Travel

  If we could circumvent physical space and avoid time limitations, we could instantly go anywhere in the universe. Let's explore this hypothetical concept.

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• Articles on Cosmology:The Study of the Universe

• Why Can’t We Find Intelligent Life in the Universe?

  There are significant limitations to discovering intelligent life elsewhere in the universe. Distance imposes a significant limitation, life forms may differ from what we expect, and communication methods could differ from our technology. I’ll discuss these considerations.

• Why Our Perception of Reality Is Limited: The Observer Effect

  We strive to have knowledge of our world, but our perception of reality is limited by the laws of physics in space and time. I'll review why we encounter this limitation when analyzing physical objects.

• How Physicists and Philosophers View Concepts of Nothingness

  Nothingness is the state of nonexistence, or the absence of anything. Although that explanation seems simple, its concept had troubled physicists and philosophers over the ages. Let's see why.

• Examining the Empty Nature of Matter in the Universe

  In this article I discuss the emptiness within atoms along with the broader emptiness of the universe. Discover why the Universe is a vast emptiness of space. I'll take you on an extended tour, both outward and inward, to discover why most matter in the universe is empty.

• Was the Universe Recreated Until the Laws of Physics Worked?

  This article discusses a theory that the universe could have been recreated after several "big bangs" until the laws of physics and natural phenomena worked. Let's examine this idea.

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• Articles on Time Perception

• Is the Passage of Time an Illusion?

  We perceive reality as a sequence of events and assign the concept of time to it. But time may only be an illusion of the mind. Read this essay to learn why.

• Why Forward Time Travel Is Plausible, but Backward Is Unlikely

  Future time travel might be possible because it doesn't break any laws of physics. However, going to the past is doubtful because we can't change what has already occurred. This article is an analysis of the entire concept.

• Why Does Time Only Go Forward? A Theory Called Time Gravity

  Are gravity and time related? In this article, I examine a theory I call 'time gravity,' which helps explain why time only goes forward due to a force pulling in one direction.

• The Math Formula of Leap Years and the Purpose of Leap Seconds

  The formula for Leap Years requires adjustments besides adding a day every four years. To keep our Gregorian calendar in sync with solar time, we must add seconds occasionally and skip some leap years.